Card theft:

Payment service users may suffer from information breach of payment accounts or bank cards information due to Trojan or phishing, which may lead to involuntary payment behavior, platforms will pay for the fund loss of users, and affecting the payment brand image of platforms.

Credit cashing:

Internet frauds engage in credit cashing and other illegal behaviors using the platforms, so the platforms may face great policy regulation risks.

Money laundering:

Internet criminal gangs use some 3rd-party payment platforms for money laundering, and even financial crimes such as financing for terrorist activities, so that platforms may face critical policy regulation risks.